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The World Forum Convention Center, The Hague, Netherlands 24-25 March 2014
The problem of nuclear security is a combination of the efforts of national, regional and global. The role of each country can not be separated from each other. It should be concrete and preventive measures to avoid the threat of nuclear material falling into the wrong hands. It is a major issue at Third Nuclear Security Summit (NSS), 2014 has taken place at the World Forum Convention Center The Hague, Netherlands for two days (24-25 March 2014).
As the state of conference participants, Indonesia active with the proposed National Nuclear Security Legislation Kit (that the state have nuclear national security legislation) with the hope to be able to synergize global efforts so useful at the national level. While the Netherlands as host country emphasizing the participating countries in the world conference on the role of prevention of nuclear material does not get into the wrong hands.
During the year 2013, a total of 146 accidents related to nuclear material and other radioactive substances reported to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Although various measures have been carried out, the international community remains overshadowed by the danger and threat of nuclear accident.
The problem of nuclear security is a combination of the efforts of national, regional and global. The role of each country can not be separated from each other. It should be concrete and preventive measures to avoid the threat of nuclear material falling into the wrong hands. It is a major issue at Third Nuclear Security Summit (NSS), 2014 has taken place at the World Forum Convention Center The Hague, Netherlands for two days (24-25 March 2014).
As the state of conference participants, Indonesia active with the proposed National Nuclear Security Legislation Kit (that the state have nuclear national security legislation) with the hope to be able to synergize global efforts so useful at the national level. While the Netherlands as host country emphasizing the participating countries in the world conference on the role of prevention of nuclear material does not get into the wrong hands.
During the year 2013, a total of 146 accidents related to nuclear material and other radioactive substances reported to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Although various measures have been carried out, the international community remains overshadowed by the danger and threat of nuclear accident.
Some of the potential threat of nuclear danger are:
1. Total of 1,390 metric tons of high grade uranium (HUE) and 490 metric tons of plutonium that can be used as nuclear bomb material, and scattered in hundreds of locations in 25 countries around the world, either in the form of inventory fulfillment of military or civilian purposes. The amount is enough to make 20,000 atomic bomb with the explosive power equivalent to that imposed on the city of Hiroshima, Japan.
2. Least 2,331 accidents removal of nuclear materials and radioactive substances illegal, since 1993 was recorded and reported to the IAEA.
3. Terrorist organizations have shown serious interest in the manufacture of nuclear weapons.
4. Existence of risk dirty bomb for misuse of the various radioactive materials for civil purposes are widely used in hospitals, industrial, and scientific research.
5. Still a bit of a binding international agreement related to the prevention of acts of nuclear terrorism.
2. Least 2,331 accidents removal of nuclear materials and radioactive substances illegal, since 1993 was recorded and reported to the IAEA.
3. Terrorist organizations have shown serious interest in the manufacture of nuclear weapons.
4. Existence of risk dirty bomb for misuse of the various radioactive materials for civil purposes are widely used in hospitals, industrial, and scientific research.
5. Still a bit of a binding international agreement related to the prevention of acts of nuclear terrorism.
The main objective of the implementation of the Nuclear Security Summit is to make the world safer.
In addition, the Nuclear Security Summit is also to include:
1. Prevent nuclear terrorism by limiting the amount of dangerous nuclear material in the world,
2. Fixing security materials that already exist, and
3. Conduct international cooperation on this issue.
1. Prevent nuclear terrorism by limiting the amount of dangerous nuclear material in the world,
2. Fixing security materials that already exist, and
3. Conduct international cooperation on this issue.
Third Nuclear Security Summit in 2014 was followed by 53 countries and four international organizations, namely :
States Participants:
1. South Africa
2. Algeria
3. United States
4. Argentina
5. Armenian
6. Australia
7. Azerbaijan
8. Netherlands
9. Belgium
10. Brazil
11. Czech
12. Chile
13. China
14. Denmark
15. Finland
16. Gabon
17. Georgia
18. Hungary
19. India
20. Indonesian
21. UK
22. Israel
23. Italy
24. Japan
25. Germany
26. Canada
27. Kazakhstan
28. South Korea
29. Lithuania
30. Malaysia
31. Morocco
32. Mexico
33. Egypt
34. Nigerian
35. Norway
36. Pakistan
37. Philippine
38. Poland
39. France
40. Romania
41. Russia
42. Saudi Arabia
43. New Zealand
44. Singapore
45. Spain
46. Sweden
47. Switzerland
48. Thailand
49. Turkey
50. Ukraine
51. United Arab Emirates
52. Vietnam
53. Jordan
States Participants:
1. South Africa
2. Algeria
3. United States
4. Argentina
5. Armenian
6. Australia
7. Azerbaijan
8. Netherlands
9. Belgium
10. Brazil
11. Czech
12. Chile
13. China
14. Denmark
15. Finland
16. Gabon
17. Georgia
18. Hungary
19. India
20. Indonesian
21. UK
22. Israel
23. Italy
24. Japan
25. Germany
26. Canada
27. Kazakhstan
28. South Korea
29. Lithuania
30. Malaysia
31. Morocco
32. Mexico
33. Egypt
34. Nigerian
35. Norway
36. Pakistan
37. Philippine
38. Poland
39. France
40. Romania
41. Russia
42. Saudi Arabia
43. New Zealand
44. Singapore
45. Spain
46. Sweden
47. Switzerland
48. Thailand
49. Turkey
50. Ukraine
51. United Arab Emirates
52. Vietnam
53. Jordan
International Organization Participants:
1. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
2. Interpol
3. Europe Union (EU)
4. United Nations (UN)
Fourth international organizations are present in his capacity as the observer.
On this occasion Indonesia actively encourage all conference participants attended 53 chief of government and four international organizations to have national legislation for nuclear security. Implementation of national legislation was presented by the Vice President of Indonesia, Boediono on the second and closing day summit which has run three times.
National legislation implementation model for nuclear safety (The National Legislation Implementation Kit on Nuclear Security) has actually been disclosed to the public since the second summit in Seoul, in 2012.
Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia at the Nuclear Security Summit confirms the belief that the most perfect assurance of an effort to avoid the threat of use of nuclear material for peaceful purposes is not the abolish nuclear weapons.
Concrete efforts to avoid the threat of nuclear material falling into the wrong hands is to perform the decommissioning and destruction of nuclear weapons. Indonesia itself continues to maintain a commitment on nuclear security with a variety of measures, such as:
1. Use of fuel -grade uranium enrichment is low in radio isotope production and employment in Indonesia's research nuclear reactor.
2. Installing Radioactive Portal Monitors (RPM) at several ports that aims to control nuclear and radioactive materials.
3. Receives International Convention for the Control of follow - Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, which was enacted in March 2014.
Target 2015
1. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
2. Interpol
3. Europe Union (EU)
4. United Nations (UN)
Fourth international organizations are present in his capacity as the observer.
On this occasion Indonesia actively encourage all conference participants attended 53 chief of government and four international organizations to have national legislation for nuclear security. Implementation of national legislation was presented by the Vice President of Indonesia, Boediono on the second and closing day summit which has run three times.
National legislation implementation model for nuclear safety (The National Legislation Implementation Kit on Nuclear Security) has actually been disclosed to the public since the second summit in Seoul, in 2012.
Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia at the Nuclear Security Summit confirms the belief that the most perfect assurance of an effort to avoid the threat of use of nuclear material for peaceful purposes is not the abolish nuclear weapons.
Concrete efforts to avoid the threat of nuclear material falling into the wrong hands is to perform the decommissioning and destruction of nuclear weapons. Indonesia itself continues to maintain a commitment on nuclear security with a variety of measures, such as:
1. Use of fuel -grade uranium enrichment is low in radio isotope production and employment in Indonesia's research nuclear reactor.
2. Installing Radioactive Portal Monitors (RPM) at several ports that aims to control nuclear and radioactive materials.
3. Receives International Convention for the Control of follow - Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, which was enacted in March 2014.
Target 2015
The Indonesian government since 2013 began preparing the draft Law for nuclear security to be submitted to Parliament in 2015. The model national legislation on nuclear security, initiated Indonesia, will be free to be applied by the Nuclear Security Summit participating countries, which of course the adjustments and conditions of each country. Of the 53 countries participating in the summit, there were 29 countries that receive guidance offered by the national legislation of Indonesia.
Indonesia 's efforts as a real contribution to the summit, but the move is not easy and will be a challenge, because it makes compliance with the circumstances of each country . Since the Seoul Summit 2012 Indonesia has managed to build a model kit legislation that would be beneficial to many countries .
Preventive measures
Keep in preventive efforts in the prevention of nuclear material does not get into the wrong hands, the Netherlands to host the conference proposed three objectives focus on the prevention efforts .
The first step, is to reduce the amount of dangerous nuclear material in the world. Participating countries should consider the conference once again how dangerous materials can be turned into something useful, and how the reactor can be adjusted to operate on a secure nuclear material, or at least safer.
The second step is to divide each country 's role in maintaining a strong security-related hazardous nuclear materials. Question is the role of government , regulators and the nuclear industry as users of nuclear materials or material, be it companies or research centers. Companies and research centers that work with nuclear materials is the first line of defense.
The third step is to strengthen the international nuclear security architecture through the coordination role played by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), by an amendment that would include the physical protection of nuclear material immediately.
Results of Main Targets Summit
The leaders reaffirmed the political commitment and pledged to take further action to reduce the amount of nuclear material . Here are the results that have been achieved in the Nuclear Security Summit.
1. Dangerous amount of nuclear material in the world has been successfully reduced . Among the dangerous nuclear material that is highly enriched uranium (Highly Enriched Uranium/HEU) which is used to produce nuclear weapons. However, HEU is also used in the reactor for research and to produce isotopes for medical purposes.
2. Whereas in some countries the plutonium used as fuel for nuclear power plants.
3. Leaders meet in this summit with the goal to minimize the use of these materials, maintaining the existing number and the number of storage locations, given the beneficial use for mankind.
4. During the four years since the first Nuclear Security Summit in Washington (March 2010), the participating countries have taken steps to accomplish this goal, as outlined in the National Progress Report of each country.
5. Several of these are 26 of the 28 states that have at least 1Kg of HEU at the time of the summit in Washington shows have taken action to reduce the harmful nuclear material.
6. Since the second summit in Seoul , at least 15 metric tons of HEU had been lowered to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU), which will be used as fuel for nuclear power plants. Such numbers is equivalent to approximately 500 nuclear weapons.
7. Since 2009 , a total of 12 countries (Austria, Chile, Czech, Hungarian, Libya, Mexico, Romania, Serbia, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine and Vietnam) have destroyed all HEU from their territory.
8. Sum of 15 states reported that they had returned HEU or plutonium or are in the process of doing that. Some countries are also helping other countries to return the HEU or plutonium.
9. Sum of 17 states have changed or in the process of changing at least 32 research reactors or isotope production facilities theirs . Most countries also helped to change another country's reactors.
10.Many as 9 states reported that they are doing research and development of techniques that use LEU instead of HEU.
Indonesia 's efforts as a real contribution to the summit, but the move is not easy and will be a challenge, because it makes compliance with the circumstances of each country . Since the Seoul Summit 2012 Indonesia has managed to build a model kit legislation that would be beneficial to many countries .
Preventive measures
Keep in preventive efforts in the prevention of nuclear material does not get into the wrong hands, the Netherlands to host the conference proposed three objectives focus on the prevention efforts .
The first step, is to reduce the amount of dangerous nuclear material in the world. Participating countries should consider the conference once again how dangerous materials can be turned into something useful, and how the reactor can be adjusted to operate on a secure nuclear material, or at least safer.
The second step is to divide each country 's role in maintaining a strong security-related hazardous nuclear materials. Question is the role of government , regulators and the nuclear industry as users of nuclear materials or material, be it companies or research centers. Companies and research centers that work with nuclear materials is the first line of defense.
The third step is to strengthen the international nuclear security architecture through the coordination role played by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), by an amendment that would include the physical protection of nuclear material immediately.
Results of Main Targets Summit
The leaders reaffirmed the political commitment and pledged to take further action to reduce the amount of nuclear material . Here are the results that have been achieved in the Nuclear Security Summit.
1. Dangerous amount of nuclear material in the world has been successfully reduced . Among the dangerous nuclear material that is highly enriched uranium (Highly Enriched Uranium/HEU) which is used to produce nuclear weapons. However, HEU is also used in the reactor for research and to produce isotopes for medical purposes.
2. Whereas in some countries the plutonium used as fuel for nuclear power plants.
3. Leaders meet in this summit with the goal to minimize the use of these materials, maintaining the existing number and the number of storage locations, given the beneficial use for mankind.
4. During the four years since the first Nuclear Security Summit in Washington (March 2010), the participating countries have taken steps to accomplish this goal, as outlined in the National Progress Report of each country.
5. Several of these are 26 of the 28 states that have at least 1Kg of HEU at the time of the summit in Washington shows have taken action to reduce the harmful nuclear material.
6. Since the second summit in Seoul , at least 15 metric tons of HEU had been lowered to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU), which will be used as fuel for nuclear power plants. Such numbers is equivalent to approximately 500 nuclear weapons.
7. Since 2009 , a total of 12 countries (Austria, Chile, Czech, Hungarian, Libya, Mexico, Romania, Serbia, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine and Vietnam) have destroyed all HEU from their territory.
8. Sum of 15 states reported that they had returned HEU or plutonium or are in the process of doing that. Some countries are also helping other countries to return the HEU or plutonium.
9. Sum of 17 states have changed or in the process of changing at least 32 research reactors or isotope production facilities theirs . Most countries also helped to change another country's reactors.
10.Many as 9 states reported that they are doing research and development of techniques that use LEU instead of HEU.
Reason for the Hague as a host
The Hague is the logical choice as the host of the summit. The Hague is known worldwide as the city of peace, the international center of all efforts to make the world a better place. the Hague has been the host to more than 130 agencies, organizations , and international NGOs. The Hague is also the city where there is an official agency of the UN outside of New York, which the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). A reference to the Peace Palace International Court of Justice headquarters building is a symbol of the reputation of the city of The Hague. (*)
Bibliography :
www.nss2014.com
www.iaea.org
www.denhaag.nl
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